Routing Protocol Authentication (RIP, and OSPF)

Routing Protocol Authentication (OSPF, and RIPv2)

A router authenticates the source of each routing update packet that it receives. Many routings' protocols support authentication like OSPF, EIGRP, ISIS, BGP, and RIPv2.

Cisco routers support different approaches to authentication route advertisements received from a neighboring router:

Plain text authentication

Hashing authentication (using MD5)

Simple password authentication:

The router sends packets and keys (if a routing protocol doesn’t support multiple keys, the key number associated with a routing update is 0). The neighboring router checks whether the key matches its key. The outing update is rejected if the keys do not match. The only routing protocols that plan text authentication are RIPv2, OSPF, and ISIS.

MD5 authentication

Configure a key (password) and key ID, router generates a message digest or hash of the key, key ID, and message. The message digest is sent with the packet key is not sent. The neighboring router receives the update and runs a hashing algorithm on the routing update with the local key, the results in a hash digest. If the hash digit matches, the router accepts the packet, if it does not the update is rejected. This process is more secure than plain text authentication. IS-IS, OSPF, RIPv2 and EIGRP use MD5.

Let’s see the configuration:

Topology:

Goal:

• configure the topology and interface as per the diagram
• configure RIPv2 on both the routers and advertise the interface as per the topology
• make sure both the routers exchange the routes only after successful authentication.

R1#show ip interface brief

Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

FastEthernet0/0        10.1.1.1        YES manual up                    up

Serial3/0                    1.1.1.1         YES manual up                    up

R2#show ip interface brief

Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol

FastEthernet0/0        20.1.1.1        YES manual up                    up

Serial3/0                    1.1.1.2         YES manual up                    up

 R1(config)#router rip

R1(config-router)#version 2

R1(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0

R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0

R1(config-router)#no auto-summary

R1(config-router)#end

R2(config)#router rip

R2(config-router)#version 2

R2(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0

R2(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0

R2(config-router)#no auto-summary

R2(config-router)#end

 R1#show ip route rip

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

       + - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set

R     20.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:07, Serial3/0

R2#show ip route rip

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

       + - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set

R     10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:21, Serial3/0

  

configuring authentication:

R1(config)#key chain anyname1

R1(config)#key chain anyname1

R1(config-keychain)#key 1

R1(config-keychain-key)#key-string internetworks

R1(config)#interface serial 3/0

R1(config-if)#ip rip authentication md

R1(config-if)#ip rip authentication key-chain anyname1

R2(config)#key chain anyname2

R2(config-keychain)#key 1

R2(config-keychain-key)#key-string internetworks

R2(config-keychain-key)#end

R2(config)#interface serial 3/0

R2(config-if)#ip rip authentication mode md5

R2(config-if)#ip rip authentication key-chain anyname2

R1#show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

       + - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set

      1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial3/0

L        1.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Serial3/0

      10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

L        10.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

R     20.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:26, Serial3/0

R2#clear ip route *

R2#sh ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

       D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

       N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

       E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

       i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

       ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

       o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

       + - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set

      1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial3/0

L        1.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, Serial3/0

R     10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:09, Serial3/0

      20.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C        20.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

L        20.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

R1#show key chain

Key-chain anyname1:

    key 1 -- text "internetworks"

        accept lifetime (always valid) - (always valid) [valid now]

        send lifetime (always valid) - (always valid) [valid now]

R2#show key chain

Key-chain anyname2:

    key 1 -- text "internetworks"

        accept lifetime (always valid) - (always valid) [valid now]

        send lifetime (always valid) - (always valid) [valid now]

OSPF Authentication

there are two types of  authentication in OSPf

1.Simple
2.Cryptographic (MD5/ SHA)

All OSPF packet will be authenticated when you enable any formation of authentication in OSPF.

Before we start  BGP configuration check out some important  of BGP CCIE exam topics.

Here are the lists of all OSPF labs and theories CCNA to CCIE.

1.Open Shortest Path First (OSPF) 

2.OSPF Neighbor states

3.OSPF Link State Advertisement (LSA)

4.OSPF STUB, Totally stubby, NSSA, Totally NSSA and(configuration)

5.OSPF Virtual Link

6.Route Redistribution configuration

7.Routing Protocol Authentdication (RIP, and OSPF)

8.Configuring GRE Tunnel instead of virtual link

9. OSPF Autonomous system network map configuration

let see the configuration:-

Topology:-

GOAL:

• Configure the topology as per our diagram
• configure OSPF in area 0 and advertise all the interfaces
• configure router 1 and router 2 to exchange routes after establishing successful authentication by using clear text  

R1#show ip interface brief
Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
FastEthernet0/0        10.1.1.1        YES manual up                    up
Serial3/0                   1.1.1.1         YES manual up                    down
Loopback0              11.0.0.1        YES manual up                    up
Loopback1              11.0.1.1        YES manual up                    up
Loopback2              11.0.2.1        YES manual up                    up
Loopback3              11.0.3.1        YES manual up                    up

R2#show ip interface brief
Interface              IP-Address      OK? Method Status                Protocol
FastEthernet0/0        20.1.1.1        YES manual up                    up
Serial3/0                   1.1.1.2         YES manual up                    up
Loopback0              12.0.0.1        YES manual up                    up
Loopback1              12.0.1.1        YES manual up                    up
Loopback2              12.0.2.1        YES manual up                    up
Loopback3              12.0.3.1        YES manual up                    up

R1(config)#router ospf 10
R1(config-router)#router-id 11.11.11.11
R1(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0
R1(config-router)#network 11.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

R2(config)#router ospf 10
R2(config-router)#router-id 12.12.12.12
R2(config-router)#network 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0
R2(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R2(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R1(config)#interface serial 3/0

R1(config-if)#ip ospf authentication

R1(config-if)#ip ospf authentication-key internet

*Dec  5 12:09:31.047: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 12.12.12.12 on Serial3/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Dead timer expired

R2(config)#interface serial 3/0

R2(config-if)#ip ospf authentication

R2(config-if)#ip ospf authentication-key internet

(ip ospf authentication command you can enable plaintext authentication on the

interface level.)

*Dec  5 12:16:37.095: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 10, Nbr 11.11.11.11 on Serial3/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R1#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface

12.12.12.12       0   FULL/  -        00:00:39    1.1.1.2         Serial3/0

R2#show ip ospf neighbor

Neighbor ID     Pri   State           Dead Time   Address         Interface

11.11.11.11       0   FULL/  -        00:00:39    1.1.1.1         Serial3/0

(When we have lots of interfaces do not want to enable OSPF authentication for

each and every interface. we can also enable area-wide authentication by using the area

authentication command). 

let's see: -

R1(config)#router ospf 10

R1(config-router)#area 0 authentication

R1(config-router)#end

*Dec  5 12:27:32.931: OSPF-10 EVENT: Area config: 'area 0 authentication '

R2(config)#router ospf 10

R2(config-router)#area 0 authentication

R1#show ip ospf interface serial 3/0

Serial3/0 is up, line protocol is up

  Internet Address 1.1.1.1/8, Area 0, Attached via Network Statement

  Process ID 10, Router ID 11.11.11.11, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64

  Topology-MTID    Cost    Disabled    Shutdown      Topology Name

        0           64        no          no            Base

  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT

  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5

    oob-resync timeout 40

    Hello due in 00:00:00

  Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)

  Cisco NSF helper support enabled

  IETF NSF helper support enabled

  Index 1/1, flood queue length 0

  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)

  Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1

  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec

  Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1

    Adjacent with neighbor 12.12.12.12

  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

  Simple password authentication enabled

R2#show ip ospf interface serial 3/0

Serial3/0 is up, line protocol is up

  Internet Address 1.1.1.2/8, Area 0, Attached via Network Statement

  Process ID 10, Router ID 12.12.12.12, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64

  Topology-MTID    Cost    Disabled    Shutdown      Topology Name

        0           64        no          no            Base

  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT

  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5

    oob-resync timeout 40

    Hello due in 00:00:04

  Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)

  Cisco NSF helper support enabled

  IETF NSF helper support enabled

  Index 2/2, flood queue length 0

  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)

  Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1

  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec

  Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1

    Adjacent with neighbor 11.11.11.11

  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

  Simple password authentication enabled

MD5 in OSPF:-

MD5 authentication we need different commands. First of all we use ip ospf message-digest key

name md5 to specify the key num and the password. name and key number is not matter we can choose whatever name but it must be the same on both sites. To enable OSPF authentication we need

to type  ip ospf authentication message-digest.

 Topology:

 

GOAL:

• we are continuing our previous topology
• erase the simple authentication configuration

R1(config)#router ospf 11

R1(config-router)#router-id 11.11.11.11

R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R1(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R1(config-router)#network 11.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

R2(config)#router ospf 12

R2(config-router)#router-id 12.12.12.12

R2(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R2(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R2(config-router)#network 12.0.0.0 0.0.0.255 area 0

R1(config)# router ospf 11

R1(config-router)#  area 0 authentication message-digest

R1(config-router)#  exit

R1(config)#  interface serial 3/0

R1(config-if)#  ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 internet

R2(config)# router ospf 11

R2(config-router)#  area 0 authentication message-digest

R2(config-router)#  exit

R2(config)#  interface serial 3/0

R2(config-if)#  ip ospf message-digest-key 1 md5 internet

R1#show ip ospf interface serial 3/0

Serial3/0 is up, line protocol is up

  Internet Address 1.1.1.1/8, Area 0, Attached via Network Statement

  Process ID 11, Router ID 11.11.11.11, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64

  Topology-MTID    Cost    Disabled    Shutdown      Topology Name

        0           64        no          no            Base

  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT

  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5

    oob-resync timeout 40

    Hello due in 00:00:01

  Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)

  Cisco NSF helper support enabled

  IETF NSF helper support enabled

  Index 2/2, flood queue length 0

  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)

  Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1

  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 0 msec

  Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1

    Adjacent with neighbor 12.12.12.12

  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

  Message digest authentication enabled

    Youngest key id is 1

R2#show ip ospf interface serial 3/0

Serial3/0 is up, line protocol is up

  Internet Address 1.1.1.2/8, Area 0, Attached via Network Statement

  Process ID 11, Router ID 12.12.12.12, Network Type POINT_TO_POINT, Cost: 64

  Topology-MTID    Cost    Disabled    Shutdown      Topology Name

        0           64        no          no            Base

  Transmit Delay is 1 sec, State POINT_TO_POINT

  Timer intervals configured, Hello 10, Dead 40, Wait 40, Retransmit 5

    oob-resync timeout 40

    Hello due in 00:00:04

  Supports Link-local Signaling (LLS)

  Cisco NSF helper support enabled

  IETF NSF helper support enabled

  Index 2/2, flood queue length 0

  Next 0x0(0)/0x0(0)

  Last flood scan length is 1, maximum is 1

  Last flood scan time is 0 msec, maximum is 4 msec

  Neighbor Count is 1, Adjacent neighbor count is 1

    Adjacent with neighbor 11.11.11.11

  Suppress hello for 0 neighbor(s)

  Message digest authentication enabled

    Youngest key id is 1

 

 

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