Wednesday 25 August 2021

How to configure OSPF Stub NSSA and Totally NSSA?

we already discuss what is OSPF Stub? Why do we need Stub? please visit the previous lecture before this.

The stub area is an isolated area that does not receive External LSA. Routers in Stub areas do not receive type 4 and type 5 LSAs it is replaced by a default route to an external autonomous system advertised by the area border router (ABR) Stub area can have type 1, 2, and 3 OSPF LSAs.

Totally stubby area External LSAs are stopped (E1 and E2) and summary LSAs are stopped (OIA routes). Replaced by a default route to other areas advertised by the ABR. Totally stubs are reduced the routing table to a minimum. This is a Cisco proprietary feature.

NSSA breaks stub area rules. NSSA area creates a special type of link-state advertisement (LSA) known as type 7, type 7 LSAs only exist in the NSSA area. An NSSA autonomous system boundary router (ASBR) generates this LSA and an NSSA area border router (ABR) translates it into a type 5 LSA, ABR sends default routes into NSSA instead of external routes from other ASBR.

Totally NSSAs are similar to totally stubby areas, with the exception that the routers that are internal to the totally NSSAs need to have no knowledge of subnets outside of the area (with the exception of the routes injected by the NSSA ASBR)

let see the configuration for a better understanding:-
Topology

configure OSPF RIP EIGRP as per the topology
redistribute EIGRP and RIPv2 into OSPF as per the topology
configure area 1 as Stub just to understand the basic
remove stub on area 1
configure area 1 to have a default route (stop LSA 5)
configure area 1 (NSSA) to allow external route (192.168.10.0 network) to pass through area 1 and can be seen on router 4
delete previous command ( no area 1 NSSA)
configure area 1 to generate a default route (LSA 3 and LSA 5)
now configure Totally NSSA

R1(config)#interface serial 4/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.1 255.0.0.0

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0

R1(config-if)#ip address 10.1.1.1 255.0.0.0

R1(config-if)#no keepalive

R1(config-if)#no shutdown

R1(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#interface loopback 0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#interface loopback 1

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.10.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#interface loopback 2

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.11.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#interface loopback 3

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.12.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#ip address 192.168.13.1 255.255.255.0

R1(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface serial 4/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 1.1.1.2 255.0.0.0

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

R2(config-if)#ip address 20.1.1.1 255.0.0.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#no keepalive

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface serial 4/1

R2(config-if)#ip address 2.2.2.1 255.0.0.0

R2(config-if)#no shutdown

R2(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#interface serial 4/1

R3(config-if)#ip address 2.2.2.2 255.0.0.0

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#interface serial 4/2

R3(config-if)#ip address 3.3.3.1 255.0.0.0

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

R3(config-if)#ip address 30.1.1.1 255.0.0.0

R3(config-if)#no shutdown

R3(config-if)#no keepalive

R3(config)#interface loopback 0

R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.30.1 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#interface loopback 1

R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.31.1 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#interface loopback 2

R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.32.1 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#interface loopback 3

R3(config-if)#ip address 192.168.33.1 255.255.255.0

R3(config-if)#exit

R4(config)#interface serial 4/1

R4(config-if)#exit

R4(config)#interface serial 4/2

R4(config-if)#ip address 3.3.3.2 255.0.0.0

R4(config-if)#no shutdown

R4(config-if)#exit

R4(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

R4(config-if)#ip address 40.1.1.1 255.0.0.0

R4(config-if)#no keepalive

R4(config-if)#no shutdown

R4(config-if)#exit

R4(config)#interface serial 4/3

R4(config-if)#ip address 4.4.4.1 255.0.0.0

R4(config-if)#no shutdown

R4(config-if)#exit

R4(config)#interface loopback 0

R4(config-if)#ip address 192.168.40.1 255.255.255.0

R4(config-if)#interface loopback 1

R4(config-if)#ip address 192.168.41.1 255.255.255.0

R4(config-if)#interface loopback 2

R4(config-if)#ip address 192.168.42.1 255.255.255.0

R4(config-if)#interface loopback 3

R4(config-if)#ip address 192.168.43.1 255.255.255.0

R4(config-if)#exit

R5(config)#interface serial 4/3

R5(config-if)#ip address 4.4.4.2 255.0.0.0

R5(config-if)#no shutdown

R5(config-if)#exit

R5(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

R5(config-if)# ip address 50.1.1.1 255.0.0.0

R5(config-if)#no keepalive

R5(config-if)#no shutdown

R5(config-if)#exit

R5(config)#interface loopback 0

R5(config-if)#ip address 192.168.50.1 255.255.255.0

R5(config-if)#interface loopback 1

R5(config-if)#ip address 192.168.51.1 255.255.255.0

R5(config-if)#interface loopback 2

R5(config-if)#ip address 192.168.52.1 255.255.255.0

R5(config-if)#interface loopback 3

R5(config-if)#ip address 192.168.53.1 255.255.255.0

R5(config-if)#exit

R1(config)#do show ip int br

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

FastEthernet0/0 10.1.1.1 YES manual up up

Serial4/0 1.1.1.1 YES manual up up

Loopback0 192.168.10.1 YES manual up up

Loopback1 192.168.11.1 YES manual up up

Loopback2 192.168.12.1 YES manual up up

Loopback3 192.168.13.1 YES manual up up

R2(config)#do show ip int br

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

FastEthernet0/0 20.1.1.1 YES manual up up

Serial4/0 1.1.1.2 YES manual up up

Serial4/1 2.2.2.1 YES manual up up

R3(config)#do show ip int br

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

FastEthernet0/0 30.1.1.1 YES manual up up

Serial4/1 2.2.2.2 YES manual up up

Serial4/2 3.3.3.1 YES manual up up

Loopback0 192.168.30.1 YES manual up up

Loopback1 192.168.31.1 YES manual up up

Loopback2 192.168.32.1 YES manual up up

Loopback3 192.168.33.1 YES manual up up

R4(config)#do show ip int br

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

FastEthernet0/0 40.1.1.1 YES manual up up

Serial4/2 3.3.3.2 YES manual up up

Serial4/3 4.4.4.1 YES manual up up

Loopback0 192.168.40.1 YES manual up up

Loopback1 192.168.41.1 YES manual up up

Loopback2 192.168.42.1 YES manual up up

Loopback3 192.168.43.1 YES manual up up

R5(config)#do show ip int br

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

FastEthernet0/0 50.1.1.1 YES manual up up

Serial4/3 4.4.4.2 YES manual up up

Loopback0 192.168.50.1 YES manual up up

Loopback1 192.168.51.1 YES manual up up

Loopback2 192.168.52.1 YES manual up up

Loopback3 192.168.53.1 YES manual up up

R1(config)#router eigrp 65100

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.11.0

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.12.0

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.13.0

R1(config-router)#no auto-summary

R1(config-router)#exit

R1(config)#router ospf 1

R1(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1

R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1

R1(config-router)#exit

R2(config)#router ospf 1

R2(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1

*Aug 25 13:12:23.675: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.13.1 on Serial4/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R2(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1

R2(config-router)#network 2.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1

R2(config-router)#exit

*Aug 25 13:14:15.911: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.33.1 on Serial4/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R3(config)#router eigrp 65300

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.31.0

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.32.0

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.33.0

R3(config-router)#no auto-summary

R3(config-router)#exit

R3(config)#router ospf 1

R3(config-router)#network 2.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 1

*Aug 25 13:13:25.599: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 20.1.1.1 on Serial4/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R3(config-router)#network 3.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R3(config-router)#network 30.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R3(config-router)#exit

*Aug 25 13:14:52.315: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.43.1 on Serial4/2 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R4(config)#router rip

R4(config-router)#ver 2

R4(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0

R4(config-router)#network 192.168.41.0

R4(config-router)#network 192.168.42.0

R4(config-router)#network 192.168.43.0

R4(config-router)#no auto-summary

R4(config-router)#exit

R4(config)#router ospf 1

R4(config-router)#network 3.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

*Aug 25 13:17:02.211: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.33.1 on Serial4/2 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R4(config-router)#network 40.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R4(config-router)#network 4.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R4(config-router)#exit

R5(config)#router ospf 1

R5(config-router)#network 4.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

*Aug 25 13:26:49.383: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.43.1 on Serial4/3 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R5(config-router)#network 50.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R5(config-router)#exit

R5(config)#router eigrp 100

R5(config-router)#network 192.168.50.0

R5(config-router)#network 192.168.51.0

R5(config-router)#network 192.168.52.0

R5(config-router)#network 192.168.53.0

R5(config-router)#no auto-summary

R5(config-router)#exit

R1(config)#router ospf 1

R1(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 65100 subnets

R1(config-router)#exit

R3(config)#router ospf 1

R3(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 65300 subnets

R3(config-router)#exit

R4(config)#router ospf 1

R4(config-router)#redistribute rip subnets

R4(config-router)#exit

R5(config)#router ospf 1

R5(config-router)#redistribute eigrp 100 subnets

R5(config-router)#exit

R1(config-router)#do show ip route ospf

Gateway of last resort is not set

O 2.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:21, Serial4/0

O IA 3.0.0.0/8 [110/192] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial4/0

O IA 4.0.0.0/8 [110/256] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial4/0

O 20.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:21, Serial4/0

O IA 30.0.0.0/8 [110/129] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial4/0

O IA 40.0.0.0/8 [110/193] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial4/0

O IA 50.0.0.0/8 [110/257] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial4/0

O E2 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial4/0

O E2 192.168.31.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial4/0

O E2 192.168.32.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial4/0

O E2 192.168.33.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial4/0

O E2 192.168.40.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial4/0

O E2 192.168.41.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial4/0

O E2 192.168.42.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial4/0

O E2 192.168.43.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial4/0

O E2 192.168.50.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial4/0

O E2 192.168.51.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial4/0

O E2 192.168.52.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial4/0

O E2 192.168.53.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:04, Serial4/0

R2(config-router)#do show ip route ospf

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

+ - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set

O IA 3.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:11, Serial4/1

O IA 4.0.0.0/8 [110/192] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:11, Serial4/1

O 10.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:26, Serial4/0

O IA 30.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:11, Serial4/1

O IA 40.0.0.0/8 [110/129] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:11, Serial4/1

O IA 50.0.0.0/8 [110/193] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:11, Serial4/1

O E2 192.168.10.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:26, Serial4/0

O E2 192.168.11.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:26, Serial4/0

O E2 192.168.12.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:26, Serial4/0

O E2 192.168.13.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:26, Serial4/0

O E2 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:11, Serial4/1

O E2 192.168.31.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:11, Serial4/1

O E2 192.168.32.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:11, Serial4/1

O E2 192.168.33.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:11, Serial4/1

O E2 192.168.40.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:11, Serial4/1

O E2 192.168.41.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:11, Serial4/1

O E2 192.168.42.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:11, Serial4/1

O E2 192.168.43.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:11, Serial4/1

O E2 192.168.50.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:11, Serial4/1

O E2 192.168.51.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:11, Serial4/1

O E2 192.168.52.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:11, Serial4/1

O E2 192.168.53.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:11, Serial4/1

R3(config)#do show ip route ospf

Gateway of last resort is not set

O 1.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 2.2.2.1, 00:18:48, Serial4/1

O 4.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 3.3.3.2, 00:17:18, Serial4/2

O 10.0.0.0/8 [110/129] via 2.2.2.1, 00:18:48, Serial4/1

O 20.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 2.2.2.1, 00:18:48, Serial4/1

O 40.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 3.3.3.2, 00:17:18, Serial4/2

O 50.0.0.0/8 [110/129] via 3.3.3.2, 00:03:02, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.10.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.1, 00:12:34, Serial4/1

O E2 192.168.11.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.1, 00:12:34, Serial4/1

O E2 192.168.12.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.1, 00:12:34, Serial4/1

O E2 192.168.13.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.1, 00:12:34, Serial4/1

O E2 192.168.40.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.2, 00:10:43, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.41.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.2, 00:10:43, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.42.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.2, 00:10:43, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.43.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.2, 00:10:43, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.50.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.2, 00:02:16, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.51.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.2, 00:02:16, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.52.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.2, 00:02:16, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.53.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.2, 00:02:16, Serial4/2

R4(config)#do show ip route ospf

Gateway of last resort is not set

O IA 1.0.0.0/8 [110/192] via 3.3.3.1, 00:02:50, Serial4/2

O IA 2.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 3.3.3.1, 00:24:46, Serial4/2

O IA 10.0.0.0/8 [110/193] via 3.3.3.1, 00:02:50, Serial4/2

O IA 20.0.0.0/8 [110/129] via 3.3.3.1, 00:02:50, Serial4/2

O 30.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 3.3.3.1, 00:24:46, Serial4/2

O 50.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 4.4.4.2, 00:16:42, Serial4/3

O E2 192.168.10.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.1, 00:02:49, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.11.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.1, 00:02:49, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.12.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.1, 00:02:49, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.13.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.1, 00:02:49, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.1, 00:24:46, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.31.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.1, 00:24:46, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.32.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.1, 00:24:46, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.33.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.1, 00:24:46, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.50.0/24 [110/20] via 4.4.4.2, 00:15:57, Serial4/3

O E2 192.168.51.0/24 [110/20] via 4.4.4.2, 00:15:57, Serial4/3

O E2 192.168.52.0/24 [110/20] via 4.4.4.2, 00:15:57, Serial4/3

O E2 192.168.53.0/24 [110/20] via 4.4.4.2, 00:15:57, Serial4/3

R5(config)#do show ip route ospf

Gateway of last resort is not set

O IA 1.0.0.0/8 [110/256] via 4.4.4.1, 00:03:25, Serial4/3

O IA 2.0.0.0/8 [110/192] via 4.4.4.1, 00:03:25, Serial4/3

O 3.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 4.4.4.1, 00:03:25, Serial4/3

O IA 10.0.0.0/8 [110/257] via 4.4.4.1, 00:03:25, Serial4/3

O IA 20.0.0.0/8 [110/193] via 4.4.4.1, 00:03:25, Serial4/3

O 30.0.0.0/8 [110/129] via 4.4.4.1, 00:03:25, Serial4/3

O 40.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 4.4.4.1, 00:03:25, Serial4/3

O E2 192.168.10.0/24 [110/20] via 4.4.4.1, 00:03:25, Serial4/3

O E2 192.168.11.0/24 [110/20] via 4.4.4.1, 00:03:25, Serial4/3

O E2 192.168.12.0/24 [110/20] via 4.4.4.1, 00:03:25, Serial4/3

O E2 192.168.13.0/24 [110/20] via 4.4.4.1, 00:03:25, Serial4/3

O E2 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 4.4.4.1, 00:03:25, Serial4/3

O E2 192.168.31.0/24 [110/20] via 4.4.4.1, 00:03:25, Serial4/3

O E2 192.168.32.0/24 [110/20] via 4.4.4.1, 00:03:25, Serial4/3

O E2 192.168.33.0/24 [110/20] via 4.4.4.1, 00:03:25, Serial4/3

O E2 192.168.40.0/24 [110/20] via 4.4.4.1, 00:03:25, Serial4/3

O E2 192.168.41.0/24 [110/20] via 4.4.4.1, 00:03:25, Serial4/3

O E2 192.168.42.0/24 [110/20] via 4.4.4.1, 00:03:25, Serial4/3

O E2 192.168.43.0/24 [110/20] via 4.4.4.1, 00:03:25, Serial4/3

R1(config)#router ospf 1

R1(config-router)#area 1 stub

R1(config-router)#exit

*Aug 25 13:34:51.171: %OSPF-4-ASBR_WITHOUT_VALID_AREA: Router is currently an ASBR while having only one area which is a stub area

*Aug 25 13:34:51.179: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 20.1.1.1 on Serial4/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Adjacency forced to reset

*Aug 25 13:35:11.031: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 20.1.1.1 on Serial4/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R1(config)#do show ip route ospf

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

+ - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is 1.1.1.2 to network 0.0.0.0

O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/129] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:22, Serial4/0

O 2.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:46, Serial4/0

O IA 3.0.0.0/8 [110/192] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:22, Serial4/0

O IA 4.0.0.0/8 [110/256] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:22, Serial4/0

O 20.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:46, Serial4/0

O IA 30.0.0.0/8 [110/129] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:22, Serial4/0

O IA 40.0.0.0/8 [110/193] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:22, Serial4/0

O IA 50.0.0.0/8 [110/257] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:22, Serial4/0

R2(config)#router ospf 1

R2(config-router)#area 1 stub

R2(config-router)#exit

*Aug 25 13:34:19.551: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.33.1 on Serial4/1 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Adjacency forced to reset

*Aug 25 13:34:19.551: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.13.1 on Serial4/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Adjacency forced to reset

*Aug 25 13:34:20.991: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.13.1 on Serial4/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

*Aug 25 13:34:45.231: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.33.1 on Serial4/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R2(config)#do show ip route

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

+ - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is 2.2.2.2 to network 0.0.0.0

O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/65] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:28, Serial4/1

1.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 1.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial4/0

L 1.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, Serial4/0

2.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 2.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial4/1

L 2.2.2.1/32 is directly connected, Serial4/1

O IA 3.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:28, Serial4/1

O IA 4.0.0.0/8 [110/192] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:28, Serial4/1

O 10.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:43, Serial4/0

20.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks

C 20.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

L 20.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, FastEthernet0/0

O IA 30.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:28, Serial4/1

O IA 40.0.0.0/8 [110/129] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:28, Serial4/1

O IA 50.0.0.0/8 [110/193] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:28, Serial4/1

{ ROUTER 3 IS OUR ABR }

R3(config)#router ospf 1

R3(config-router)#area 1 stub

R3(config-router)#exit

*Aug 25 13:33:53.771: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 20.1.1.1 on Serial4/1 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Adjacency forced to reset

*Aug 25 13:33:54.903: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 20.1.1.1 on Serial4/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R3(config)#do show ip route ospf

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

+ - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set

O 1.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:38, Serial4/1

O 4.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:53, Serial4/2

O 10.0.0.0/8 [110/129] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:38, Serial4/1

O 20.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:38, Serial4/1

O 40.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:53, Serial4/2

O 50.0.0.0/8 [110/129] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:53, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.40.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:53, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.41.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:53, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.42.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:53, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.43.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:53, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.50.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:53, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.51.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:53, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.52.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:53, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.53.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:53, Serial4/2

R1(config-router)#area 1 nssa

*Aug 25 13:41:03.815: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 20.1.1.1 on Serial4/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Adjacency forced to reset

*Aug 25 13:41:12.375: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 20.1.1.1 on Serial4/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R1(config-router)#do show ip route ospf

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

+ - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set

O 2.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:11, Serial4/0

O IA 3.0.0.0/8 [110/192] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:01, Serial4/0

O IA 4.0.0.0/8 [110/256] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:01, Serial4/0

O 20.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:11, Serial4/0

O IA 30.0.0.0/8 [110/129] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:01, Serial4/0

O IA 40.0.0.0/8 [110/193] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:01, Serial4/0

O IA 50.0.0.0/8 [110/257] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:01, Serial4/0

O N2 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:01, Serial4/0

O N2 192.168.31.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:01, Serial4/0

O N2 192.168.32.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:01, Serial4/0

O N2 192.168.33.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:01, Serial4/0

R2(config-router)#area 1 nssa

*Aug 25 13:40:20.523: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.33.1 on Serial4/1 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Adjacency forced to reset

*Aug 25 13:40:20.527: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.13.1 on Serial4/0 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Adjacency forced to reset

*Aug 25 13:40:22.343: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.13.1 on Serial4/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

*Aug 25 13:40:27.427: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.33.1 on Serial4/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R2(config-router)#do show ip route ospf

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

+ - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set

O IA 3.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:19, Serial4/1

O IA 4.0.0.0/8 [110/192] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:19, Serial4/1

O 10.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:19, Serial4/0

O IA 30.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:19, Serial4/1

O IA 40.0.0.0/8 [110/129] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:19, Serial4/1

O IA 50.0.0.0/8 [110/193] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:19, Serial4/1

O N2 192.168.10.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:19, Serial4/0

O N2 192.168.11.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:19, Serial4/0

O N2 192.168.12.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:19, Serial4/0

O N2 192.168.13.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.1, 00:00:19, Serial4/0

O N2 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:19, Serial4/1

O N2 192.168.31.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:19, Serial4/1

O N2 192.168.32.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:19, Serial4/1

O N2 192.168.33.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:19, Serial4/1

R3(config-router)#area 1 nssa

*Aug 25 13:39:35.863: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 20.1.1.1 on Serial4/1 from FULL to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Adjacency forced to reset

*Aug 25 13:39:37.099: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 20.1.1.1 on Serial4/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R3(config-router)#do show ip route ospf

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

+ - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set

O 1.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:26, Serial4/1

O 4.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:41, Serial4/2

O 10.0.0.0/8 [110/129] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:26, Serial4/1

O 20.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:26, Serial4/1

O 40.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:41, Serial4/2

O 50.0.0.0/8 [110/129] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:41, Serial4/2

O N2 192.168.10.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:26, Serial4/1

O N2 192.168.11.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:26, Serial4/1

O N2 192.168.12.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:26, Serial4/1

O N2 192.168.13.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.1, 00:00:26, Serial4/1

O E2 192.168.40.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:41, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.41.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:41, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.42.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:41, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.43.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:41, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.50.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:41, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.51.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:41, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.52.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:41, Serial4/2

O E2 192.168.53.0/24 [110/20] via 3.3.3.2, 00:00:41, Serial4/2

R3(config)#router ospf 1

R3(config-router)#area 1 nssa default-information-originate

R3(config-router)#exit

*Aug 25 13:43:05.275: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 20.1.1.1 on Serial4/1 from DOWN to DOWN, Neighbor Down: Adjacency forced to reset

*Aug 25 13:43:10.927: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 20.1.1.1 on Serial4/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R1(config)#do show ip route ospf

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

+ - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is 1.1.1.2 to network 0.0.0.0

O*N2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:08, Serial4/0

O 2.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 1.1.1.2, 00:03:50, Serial4/0

O IA 3.0.0.0/8 [110/192] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:08, Serial4/0

O IA 4.0.0.0/8 [110/256] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:08, Serial4/0

O 20.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 1.1.1.2, 00:03:50, Serial4/0

O IA 30.0.0.0/8 [110/129] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:08, Serial4/0

O IA 40.0.0.0/8 [110/193] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:08, Serial4/0

O IA 50.0.0.0/8 [110/257] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:08, Serial4/0

O N2 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:08, Serial4/0

O N2 192.168.31.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:08, Serial4/0

O N2 192.168.32.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:08, Serial4/0

O N2 192.168.33.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:08, Serial4/0

R2(config-router)#do show ip route ospf

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

+ - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is 2.2.2.2 to network 0.0.0.0

O*N2 0.0.0.0/0 [110/1] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:22, Serial4/1

O IA 3.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 2.2.2.2, 00:03:52, Serial4/1

O IA 4.0.0.0/8 [110/192] via 2.2.2.2, 00:03:52, Serial4/1

O 10.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 1.1.1.1, 00:03:52, Serial4/0

O IA 30.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 2.2.2.2, 00:03:52, Serial4/1

O IA 40.0.0.0/8 [110/129] via 2.2.2.2, 00:03:52, Serial4/1

O IA 50.0.0.0/8 [110/193] via 2.2.2.2, 00:03:52, Serial4/1

O N2 192.168.10.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.1, 00:03:52, Serial4/0

O N2 192.168.11.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.1, 00:03:52, Serial4/0

O N2 192.168.12.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.1, 00:03:52, Serial4/0

O N2 192.168.13.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.1, 00:03:52, Serial4/0

O N2 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.2, 00:03:52, Serial4/1

O N2 192.168.31.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.2, 00:03:52, Serial4/1

O N2 192.168.32.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.2, 00:03:52, Serial4/1

O N2 192.168.33.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.2, 00:03:52, Serial4/1

R3(config)#router ospf 1

R3(config-router)#no area 1 nssa default-information-originate

R3(config-router)#area 1 nssa no-summary

R1(config)#do show ip route ospf

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

+ - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is 1.1.1.2 to network 0.0.0.0

O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/129] via 1.1.1.2, 00:00:22, Serial4/0

O 2.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 1.1.1.2, 00:05:42, Serial4/0

O 20.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 1.1.1.2, 00:05:42, Serial4/0

O N2 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:00, Serial4/0

O N2 192.168.31.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:00, Serial4/0

O N2 192.168.32.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:00, Serial4/0

O N2 192.168.33.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.2, 00:02:00, Serial4/0

R2(config-router)#do show ip route ospf

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

+ - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is 2.2.2.2 to network 0.0.0.0

O*IA 0.0.0.0/0 [110/65] via 2.2.2.2, 00:00:29, Serial4/1

O 10.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 1.1.1.1, 00:05:42, Serial4/0

O N2 192.168.10.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.1, 00:05:42, Serial4/0

O N2 192.168.11.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.1, 00:05:42, Serial4/0

O N2 192.168.12.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.1, 00:05:42, Serial4/0

O N2 192.168.13.0/24 [110/20] via 1.1.1.1, 00:05:42, Serial4/0

O N2 192.168.30.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.2, 00:05:42, Serial4/1

O N2 192.168.31.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.2, 00:05:42, Serial4/1

O N2 192.168.32.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.2, 00:05:42, Serial4/1

O N2 192.168.33.0/24 [110/20] via 2.2.2.2, 00:05:42, Serial4/1

R1#traceroute 50.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 50.1.1.1

VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)

1 1.1.1.2 20 msec 16 msec 16 msec

2 2.2.2.2 16 msec 16 msec 16 msec

3 3.3.3.2 20 msec 24 msec 36 msec

4 4.4.4.2 72 msec 52 msec 52 msec

R1#traceroute 40.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 40.1.1.1

VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)

1 1.1.1.2 16 msec 16 msec 16 msec

2 2.2.2.2 16 msec 40 msec 24 msec

3 3.3.3.2 28 msec 44 msec 28 msec

R1#traceroute 30.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 30.1.1.1

VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)

1 1.1.1.2 8 msec 24 msec 24 msec

2 2.2.2.2 16 msec 28 msec 28 msec

R1#traceroute 20.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 20.1.1.1

VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)

1 1.1.1.2 8 msec 16 msec 20 msec

R1#traceroute 10.1.1.1

Type escape sequence to abort.

Tracing the route to 10.1.1.1

VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)

1 10.1.1.1 8 msec 4 msec 4 msec

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Saturday 29 May 2021

What is BGP RR Cluster ? How to configure Cluster RR server?

Route Reflector Cluster

A BGP enabled router or BGP speakers. By default BGP speakers routers does not advertise iBGP-learned prefixes to iBGP peers routers - this has to be done to maintain loop prevention. RFC4456 introduces the route reflection feature which help to removes the need of full mesh configuration between iBGP speakers routers. When route reflector reflects a route, it creates and modifies an optional non-transitive attribute called CLUSTER_LIST by adding its own cluster ID to it. This attribute is used for loop prevention: when a BGP router receives update which CLUSTER_LIST contains router's own cluster ID, this update is discarded.

Route reflector

Route Reflector scalable alternative to an ibgp full mesh its allow a BGP speaker (route reflector –RR) to advertise route received from an ibgp peer to other ibgp peers.

note:client update server. Server update to all the remaining clients.

All client should establish neighbor with only servers . client will not establish neighbor with any other client. In case if you have 2 servers ( server establish neighbor with other servers and clients).

Route reflector clusters

A group of redundant route reflector and their clients from a cluster. Route reflector rules divide a transit AS into smaller areas (called clusters). Each BGP cluster must have a unique cluster-id. Every time a prefixe is reflected, the cluster-id is added to the cluster-id BGP attribute. The prefixe that already contains the local cluster-id in the cluster-list is not reflector

Note:Each cluster contain route reflectors and route reflector clients.

Lets see the configuration :-

Topology:

What is PIM Spare-Dense Mode ? How to configure Multicasting PIM Spare-Dense Mode?

PIM Spare-Dense Mode

PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast) is a family of multicast routing protocols. The word independent comes from the fact that PIM does not build a topology of its own, it uses the information from IGP routing protocols to achieve this.

There are a number of different PIM flavors:

· PIM Sparse-Mode

· PIM Dense-Mode

· Bidirectional PIM

· Source-Specific PIM.

PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast) Modes

PIM modes tell how the multicast tree is built from sender to receiver. PIM mode will decide how the tree is built, and who will receive traffic.

PIM supports three different modes:

1. PIM Dense Mode

2. PIM Sparse mode

3. PIM Sparse-Dense mode

PIM Dense mode:- Dense mode forward multicast traffic on all interfaces until a downstream router requests us to stop forwarding.

Pim dense mode Uses implicit join get traffic even if not asked Also called as flood and prune.

PIM Dense Mode Suitable for small multicast implementation. Default hello= 30 sec & dead= 90 sec Discover PIM neighbor (uses 224.0.0.13). Flood all the multicast traffic on all PIM enables interfaces Prune unwanted traffic to Maintain multicast table

PIM Sparse mode:- (PIM-SM) PIM Sparse Mode explicitly builds unidirectional shared trees rooted at an (RP) rendezvous point per group, and optionally creates shortest-path trees per source. (PIM-SM) PIM Sparse Mode generally scales fairly well for wide-area usage.

Sparse-mode protocol does not forward the group traffic to any other router unless it receives a message from that router requesting copies of a packet sent to a particular group.

The PIM spares mode operation begins with the packet being forwarded to a special router called the rendezvous point (RP).

PIM Sparse Mode uses explicit join means (not receive unless you ask for). PIM Sparse Mode uses both shared tree & source tree, more scalable

PIM Sparse-Dense mode:- .

Let's talk about PIM Spare-Dense mode you can use spare mode or dense mode for each multicasting group. But here is the question comes why do we want to use this?

When we use PIM sparse mode, in our multicast routers we need to know where the RP (Rendezvous Point) is in the network and most important which groups they serve. But again we have a solution.

There are two methods:

Static: configure the IP address of the RP on all multicast routers.

Dynamic: use Auto RP or BSR.

When we use PIM Sparse mode and Auto RP, the group-to-RP mapping is sent to the multicast 224.0.1.40 address wait a minute….. How do we receive traffic from 224.0.1.40 when we don’t know where the RP (Rendezvous Point) is? There are two methods to solve this:

Use the IP PIM auto RP listener command.

Use the PIM sparse-dense mode.

The IP PIM auto RP listener command floods auto RP 224.0.1.39 and 224.0.1.40 multicast groups on sparse mode interfaces, allowing all routers to receive the group-to-RP mapping information.

PIM sparse-dense mode also allows us to flood the auto RP 224.0.1.39 and 224.0.1.40 multicast groups but also, it also floods all multicast traffic that we don’t have an RP for.

Let's see the configuration

Topology:-

`Goal :

1. configure the topology as per the diagram

2. configure the IP addresses as per the topology

3. configure OSPF 1 advertise the interfaces

4. configure manually IGMP multicast (224.5.5.5) group membership on router 5 for testing.

5. configure router 3 loopback (192.168.30.1) a static rendezvous point (RP) advertise in OSPF 1 with the mask /24.

6. Make sure route 3 should be RP only for group 224.5.5.5

6. configure RP address on all the routers.

7. configure router 5 to join group 224.15.15.15 and ensure that router 1 should be able to ping the multicast group 224.50.50.50 without RP.

R1#show ip interface brief

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

FastEthernet0/0 10.1.1.1 YES manual up up

Serial4/0 1.1.1.1 YES manual up up

Serial4/3 4.4.4.2 YES manual up up

Loopback0 192.168.10.1 YES manual up up

Loopback1 192.168.11.1 YES manual up up

Loopback2 192.168.12.1 YES manual up up

Loopback3 192.168.13.1 YES manual up up

R1(config-if)#exit

R2#show ip interface brief

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

FastEthernet0/0 20.1.1.1 YES manual up up

Serial4/0 1.1.1.2 YES manual up up

Serial4/1 2.2.2.1 YES manual up up

Loopback0 192.168.20.1 YES manual up up

Loopback1 192.168.21.1 YES manual up up

Loopback2 192.168.22.1 YES manual up up

Loopback3 192.168.23.1 YES manual up up

R3#show ip interface brief

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

FastEthernet0/0 30.1.1.1 YES manual up up

Serial4/1 2.2.2.2 YES manual up up

Serial4/2 3.3.3.1 YES manual up up

Loopback0 192.168.30.1 YES manual up up

Loopback1 192.168.31.1 YES manual up up

Loopback2 192.168.32.1 YES manual up up

Loopback3 192.168.33.1 YES manual up up

R4#show ip interface brief

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

FastEthernet0/0 40.1.1.1 YES manual up up

Serial4/2 3.3.3.2 YES manual up up

Serial4/3 4.4.4.1 YES manual up up

Serial5/0 5.5.5.2 YES manual up up

Loopback1 192.168.41.1 YES manual up up

Loopback2 192.168.42.1 YES manual up up

Loopback3 192.168.43.1 YES manual up up

R5#show ip interface brief

Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol

FastEthernet0/0 50.1.1.1 YES manual up up

Serial5/0 5.5.5.1 YES manual up up

Loopback0 15.0.0.1 YES manual up up

Loopback1 15.0.1.1 YES manual up up

Loopback2 15.0.2.1 YES manual up up

Loopback3 15.0.3.1 YES manual up up

R1(config)#router ospf 1

R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R1(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R1(config-router)#network 4.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.10.0 255.0.0.0 area 0

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.11.0 255.0.0.0 area 0

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.12.0 255.0.0.0 area 0

R1(config-router)#network 192.168.13.0 255.0.0.0 area 0

R1(config-router)#exit

*Dec 5 12:20:37.259: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.23.1 on Serial4/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R2(config)#router ospf 1

R2(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R2(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R2(config-router)#network 2.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.20.0 255.0.0.0 area 0

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.21.0 255.0.0.0 area 0

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.22.0 255.0.0.0 area 0

R2(config-router)#network 192.168.23.0 255.0.0.0 area 0

R2(config-router)#exit

*Dec 5 12:19:47.011: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.13.1 on Serial4/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

*Dec 5 12:21:04.115: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.33.1 on Serial4/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R3(config)#router ospf 1

R3(config-router)#network 2.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R3(config-router)#network 30.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R3(config-router)#network 3.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.30.0 255.0.0.0 area 0

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.31.0 255.0.0.0 area 0

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.32.0 255.0.0.0 area 0

R3(config-router)#network 192.168.33.0 255.0.0.0 area 0

R3(config-router)#exit

*Dec 5 12:20:24.231: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.23.1 on Serial4/1 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

*Dec 5 12:24:51.491: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.43.1 on Serial4/2 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R4(config)#router ospf 1

R4(config-router)#network 5.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R4(config-router)#network 3.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R4(config-router)#network 4.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R4(config-router)#network 40.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R4(config-router)#network 192.168.40.0 255.0.0.0 area 0

R4(config-router)#network 192.168.41.0 255.0.0.0 area 0

R4(config-router)#network 192.168.42.0 255.0.0.0 area 0

R4(config-router)#network 192.168.43.0 255.0.0.0 area 0

R4(config-router)#exit

*Dec 5 12:27:51.511: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.33.1 on Serial4/2 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

*Dec 5 12:27:51.511: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.13.1 on Serial4/3 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

*Dec 5 12:32:40.055: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 15.0.3.1 on Serial5/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R5(config)#router ospf 1

R5(config-router)#network 5.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R5(config-router)#network 50.0.0.0 0.255.255.255 area 0

R5(config-router)#network 15.0.0.0 255.0.0.0 area 0

R5(config-router)#network 15.0.1.0 255.0.0.0 area 0

R5(config-router)#network 15.0.2.0 255.0.0.0 area 0

R5(config-router)#network 15.0.3.0 255.0.0.0 area 0

R5(config-router)#end

*Dec 5 12:33:10.787: %OSPF-5-ADJCHG: Process 1, Nbr 192.168.43.1 on Serial5/0 from LOADING to FULL, Loading Done

R1#show ip route ospf

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

+ - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set

O 2.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 1.1.1.2, 01:31:38, Serial4/0

O 3.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 4.4.4.1, 01:25:54, Serial4/3

O 5.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 4.4.4.1, 01:25:54, Serial4/3

15.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets

O 15.0.0.1 [110/129] via 4.4.4.1, 01:21:05, Serial4/3

O 15.0.1.1 [110/129] via 4.4.4.1, 01:21:05, Serial4/3

O 15.0.2.1 [110/129] via 4.4.4.1, 01:21:05, Serial4/3

O 15.0.3.1 [110/129] via 4.4.4.1, 01:21:05, Serial4/3

O 20.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 1.1.1.2, 01:31:38, Serial4/0

O 30.0.0.0/8 [110/129] via 4.4.4.1, 01:19:55, Serial4/3

[110/129] via 1.1.1.2, 01:19:55, Serial4/0

O 40.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 4.4.4.1, 01:19:33, Serial4/3

O 50.0.0.0/8 [110/129] via 4.4.4.1, 01:21:05, Serial4/3

192.168.20.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.20.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.2, 01:31:38, Serial4/0

192.168.21.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.21.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.2, 01:31:38, Serial4/0

192.168.22.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.22.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.2, 01:31:38, Serial4/0

192.168.23.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.23.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.2, 01:31:38, Serial4/0

O 192.168.30.0/24 [110/129] via 4.4.4.1, 01:11:06, Serial4/3

[110/129] via 1.1.1.2, 01:11:06, Serial4/0

192.168.31.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.31.1 [110/129] via 4.4.4.1, 01:25:54, Serial4/3

[110/129] via 1.1.1.2, 01:30:21, Serial4/0

192.168.32.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.32.1 [110/129] via 4.4.4.1, 01:25:54, Serial4/3

[110/129] via 1.1.1.2, 01:30:21, Serial4/0

192.168.33.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.33.1 [110/129] via 4.4.4.1, 01:25:54, Serial4/3

[110/129] via 1.1.1.2, 01:30:21, Serial4/0

192.168.41.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.41.1 [110/65] via 4.4.4.1, 01:25:54, Serial4/3

192.168.42.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.42.1 [110/65] via 4.4.4.1, 01:25:54, Serial4/3

192.168.43.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.43.1 [110/65] via 4.4.4.1, 01:25:54, Serial4/3

R2#show ip route ospf 1

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

+ - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set

O 3.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 2.2.2.2, 01:31:09, Serial4/1

O 4.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 1.1.1.1, 01:32:27, Serial4/0

O 5.0.0.0/8 [110/192] via 2.2.2.2, 01:26:42, Serial4/1

[110/192] via 1.1.1.1, 01:26:42, Serial4/0

O 10.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 1.1.1.1, 01:21:27, Serial4/0

15.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets

O 15.0.0.1 [110/193] via 2.2.2.2, 01:21:53, Serial4/1

[110/193] via 1.1.1.1, 01:21:53, Serial4/0

O 15.0.1.1 [110/193] via 2.2.2.2, 01:21:53, Serial4/1

[110/193] via 1.1.1.1, 01:21:53, Serial4/0

O 15.0.2.1 [110/193] via 2.2.2.2, 01:21:53, Serial4/1

[110/193] via 1.1.1.1, 01:21:53, Serial4/0

O 15.0.3.1 [110/193] via 2.2.2.2, 01:21:53, Serial4/1

[110/193] via 1.1.1.1, 01:21:53, Serial4/0

O 30.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 2.2.2.2, 01:20:44, Serial4/1

O 40.0.0.0/8 [110/129] via 2.2.2.2, 01:20:21, Serial4/1

[110/129] via 1.1.1.1, 01:20:21, Serial4/0

O 50.0.0.0/8 [110/193] via 2.2.2.2, 01:21:53, Serial4/1

[110/193] via 1.1.1.1, 01:21:53, Serial4/0

192.168.10.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.10.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.1, 01:32:27, Serial4/0

192.168.11.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.11.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.1, 01:32:27, Serial4/0

192.168.12.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.12.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.1, 01:32:27, Serial4/0

192.168.13.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.13.1 [110/65] via 1.1.1.1, 01:32:27, Serial4/0

O 192.168.30.0/24 [110/65] via 2.2.2.2, 01:11:55, Serial4/1

192.168.31.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.31.1 [110/65] via 2.2.2.2, 01:31:09, Serial4/1

192.168.32.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.32.1 [110/65] via 2.2.2.2, 01:31:09, Serial4/1

192.168.33.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.33.1 [110/65] via 2.2.2.2, 01:31:09, Serial4/1

192.168.41.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.41.1 [110/129] via 2.2.2.2, 01:26:42, Serial4/1

[110/129] via 1.1.1.1, 01:26:42, Serial4/0

192.168.42.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.42.1 [110/129] via 2.2.2.2, 01:26:42, Serial4/1

[110/129] via 1.1.1.1, 01:26:42, Serial4/0

192.168.43.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.43.1 [110/129] via 2.2.2.2, 01:26:42, Serial4/1

[110/129] via 1.1.1.1, 01:26:42, Serial4/0

R3(config)#interface loopback 0

R3(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point

R3(config-if)#exit

R3#show ip route ospf 1

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

+ - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set

O 1.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 2.2.2.1, 01:31:57, Serial4/1

O 4.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 3.3.3.2, 01:27:29, Serial4/2

O 5.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 3.3.3.2, 01:27:29, Serial4/2

O 10.0.0.0/8 [110/129] via 3.3.3.2, 01:22:15, Serial4/2

[110/129] via 2.2.2.1, 01:22:15, Serial4/1

15.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets

O 15.0.0.1 [110/129] via 3.3.3.2, 01:22:41, Serial4/2

O 15.0.1.1 [110/129] via 3.3.3.2, 01:22:41, Serial4/2

O 15.0.2.1 [110/129] via 3.3.3.2, 01:22:41, Serial4/2

O 15.0.3.1 [110/129] via 3.3.3.2, 01:22:41, Serial4/2

O 20.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 2.2.2.1, 01:31:57, Serial4/1

O 40.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 3.3.3.2, 01:21:08, Serial4/2

O 50.0.0.0/8 [110/129] via 3.3.3.2, 01:22:41, Serial4/2

192.168.10.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.10.1 [110/129] via 3.3.3.2, 01:27:29, Serial4/2

[110/129] via 2.2.2.1, 01:31:57, Serial4/1

192.168.11.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.11.1 [110/129] via 3.3.3.2, 01:27:29, Serial4/2

[110/129] via 2.2.2.1, 01:31:57, Serial4/1

192.168.12.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.12.1 [110/129] via 3.3.3.2, 01:27:29, Serial4/2

[110/129] via 2.2.2.1, 01:31:57, Serial4/1

192.168.13.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.13.1 [110/129] via 3.3.3.2, 01:27:29, Serial4/2

[110/129] via 2.2.2.1, 01:31:57, Serial4/1

192.168.20.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.20.1 [110/65] via 2.2.2.1, 01:31:57, Serial4/1

192.168.21.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.21.1 [110/65] via 2.2.2.1, 01:31:57, Serial4/1

192.168.22.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.22.1 [110/65] via 2.2.2.1, 01:31:57, Serial4/1

192.168.23.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.23.1 [110/65] via 2.2.2.1, 01:31:57, Serial4/1

192.168.41.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.41.1 [110/65] via 3.3.3.2, 01:27:29, Serial4/2

192.168.42.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.42.1 [110/65] via 3.3.3.2, 01:27:29, Serial4/2

192.168.43.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.43.1 [110/65] via 3.3.3.2, 01:27:29, Serial4/2

R4#show ip route ospf 1

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

+ - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set

O 1.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 4.4.4.2, 01:27:58, Serial4/3

O 2.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 3.3.3.1, 01:27:58, Serial4/2

O 10.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 4.4.4.2, 01:22:43, Serial4/3

15.0.0.0/32 is subnetted, 4 subnets

O 15.0.0.1 [110/65] via 5.5.5.1, 01:23:09, Serial5/0

O 15.0.1.1 [110/65] via 5.5.5.1, 01:23:09, Serial5/0

O 15.0.2.1 [110/65] via 5.5.5.1, 01:23:09, Serial5/0

O 15.0.3.1 [110/65] via 5.5.5.1, 01:23:09, Serial5/0

O 20.0.0.0/8 [110/129] via 4.4.4.2, 01:27:58, Serial4/3

[110/129] via 3.3.3.1, 01:27:58, Serial4/2

O 30.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 3.3.3.1, 01:22:00, Serial4/2

O 50.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 5.5.5.1, 01:23:09, Serial5/0

192.168.10.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.10.1 [110/65] via 4.4.4.2, 01:27:58, Serial4/3

192.168.11.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.11.1 [110/65] via 4.4.4.2, 01:27:58, Serial4/3

192.168.12.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.12.1 [110/65] via 4.4.4.2, 01:27:58, Serial4/3

192.168.13.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.13.1 [110/65] via 4.4.4.2, 01:27:58, Serial4/3

192.168.20.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.20.1 [110/129] via 4.4.4.2, 01:27:58, Serial4/3

[110/129] via 3.3.3.1, 01:27:58, Serial4/2

192.168.21.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.21.1 [110/129] via 4.4.4.2, 01:27:58, Serial4/3

[110/129] via 3.3.3.1, 01:27:58, Serial4/2

192.168.22.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.22.1 [110/129] via 4.4.4.2, 01:27:58, Serial4/3

[110/129] via 3.3.3.1, 01:27:58, Serial4/2

192.168.23.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.23.1 [110/129] via 4.4.4.2, 01:27:58, Serial4/3

[110/129] via 3.3.3.1, 01:27:58, Serial4/2

O 192.168.30.0/24 [110/65] via 3.3.3.1, 01:13:11, Serial4/2

192.168.31.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.31.1 [110/65] via 3.3.3.1, 01:27:58, Serial4/2

192.168.32.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.32.1 [110/65] via 3.3.3.1, 01:27:58, Serial4/2

192.168.33.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.33.1 [110/65] via 3.3.3.1, 01:27:58, Serial4/2

R5#show ip route ospf 1

Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP

D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area

N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2

E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2

i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2

ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route

o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP

+ - replicated route, % - next hop override

Gateway of last resort is not set

O 1.0.0.0/8 [110/192] via 5.5.5.2, 01:23:43, Serial5/0

O 2.0.0.0/8 [110/192] via 5.5.5.2, 01:23:43, Serial5/0

O 3.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 5.5.5.2, 01:23:43, Serial5/0

O 4.0.0.0/8 [110/128] via 5.5.5.2, 01:23:43, Serial5/0

O 10.0.0.0/8 [110/129] via 5.5.5.2, 01:23:16, Serial5/0

O 20.0.0.0/8 [110/193] via 5.5.5.2, 01:23:43, Serial5/0

O 30.0.0.0/8 [110/129] via 5.5.5.2, 01:22:33, Serial5/0

O 40.0.0.0/8 [110/65] via 5.5.5.2, 01:22:10, Serial5/0

192.168.10.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.10.1 [110/129] via 5.5.5.2, 01:23:43, Serial5/0

192.168.11.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.11.1 [110/129] via 5.5.5.2, 01:23:43, Serial5/0

192.168.12.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.12.1 [110/129] via 5.5.5.2, 01:23:43, Serial5/0

192.168.13.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.13.1 [110/129] via 5.5.5.2, 01:23:43, Serial5/0

192.168.20.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.20.1 [110/193] via 5.5.5.2, 01:23:43, Serial5/0

192.168.21.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.21.1 [110/193] via 5.5.5.2, 01:23:43, Serial5/0

192.168.22.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.22.1 [110/193] via 5.5.5.2, 01:23:43, Serial5/0

192.168.23.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.23.1 [110/193] via 5.5.5.2, 01:23:43, Serial5/0

O 192.168.30.0/24 [110/129] via 5.5.5.2, 01:13:43, Serial5/0

192.168.31.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.31.1 [110/129] via 5.5.5.2, 01:23:43, Serial5/0

192.168.32.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.32.1 [110/129] via 5.5.5.2, 01:23:43, Serial5/0

192.168.33.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.33.1 [110/129] via 5.5.5.2, 01:23:43, Serial5/0

192.168.41.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.41.1 [110/65] via 5.5.5.2, 01:23:43, Serial5/0

192.168.42.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.42.1 [110/65] via 5.5.5.2, 01:23:43, Serial5/0

192.168.43.0/32 is subnetted, 1 subnets

O 192.168.43.1 [110/65] via 5.5.5.2, 01:23:43, Serial5/0

R1(config)#ip multicast-routing

R1(config)#access-list 5 permit host 224.5.5.5

R1(config)#ip pim rp-address 192.168.30.1 5

R1(config)#exit

*Dec 5 12:46:07.499: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Tunnel0, changed state to up

R1(config)#interface serial 4/3

R1(config-if)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode

R1(config-if)#exit

*Dec 5 12:48:17.707: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 1.1.1.2 UP on interface Serial4/0

*Dec 5 12:49:29.379: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 4.4.4.1 UP on interface Serial4/3

R2(config)#ip multicast-routing

R2(config)#access-list 5 permit host 224.5.5.5

R2(config)#ip pim rp-address 192.168.30.1 5

R2(config)#exit

R2(config)#interface serial 4/0

R2(config-if)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode

R2(config-if)#exit

R2(config)#interface serial 4/1

R2(config-if)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode

R2(config-if)#exit

*Dec 5 12:47:27.207: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Tunnel0, changed state to up

*Dec 5 12:47:27.323: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 1.1.1.1 UP on interface Serial4/0

R3(config)#interface loopback 0

R3(config-if)#ip ospf network point-to-point

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#ip multicast-routing

R3(config)#access-list 5 permit host 224.5.5.5

R3(config)#ip pim rp-address 192.168.30.1 5

R3(config)#exit

*Dec 5 12:43:03.315: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Tunnel0, changed state to down

*Dec 5 12:43:03.395: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Tunnel1, changed state to up

R3(config)#interface serial 4/2

R3(config-if)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode

R3(config-if)#exit

R3(config)#interface serial 4/1

R3(config-if)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode

R3(config-if)#exit

*Dec 5 12:47:14.287: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Tunnel0, changed state to up

*Dec 5 12:47:14.763: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 2.2.2.1 UP on interface Serial4/1

*Dec 5 12:47:58.711: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 3.3.3.2 UP on interface Serial4/2

R4(config)#ip multicast-routing

R4(config)#access-list 5 permit host 224.5.5.5

R4(config)#ip pim rp-address 192.168.30.1 5

R4(config)#exit

R4(config)#interface serial 4/3

R4(config-if)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode

R4(config-if)#exit

*Dec 5 12:46:07.611: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Tunnel0, changed state to down

R4(config)#interface serial 4/2

R4(config-if)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode

R4(config-if)#exit

*Dec 5 12:50:58.511: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Tunnel0, changed state to upal 4/3

R4(config)#interface serial 5/0

R4(config-if)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode

R4(config-if)#exit

*Dec 5 12:50:58.627: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 3.3.3.1 UP on interface Serial4/2

*Dec 5 12:50:59.063: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 4.4.4.2 UP on interface Serial4/3

*Dec 5 12:51:18.067: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 5.5.5.1 UP on interface Serial5/0

R5(config)#ip multicast-routing

R5(config)#interface fastethernet 0/0

R5(config-if)#ip igmp join-group 224.5.5.5

R5(config-if)#exit

R5(config)#access-list 5 permit host 224.5.5.5

R5(config)#ip pim rp-address 192.168.30.1 5

R5(config)#exit

*Dec 5 12:46:42.247: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Tunnel0, changed state to down

R5(config)#interface serial 5/0

R5(config-if)#ip pim sparse-dense-mode

R5(config-if)#exit

*Dec 5 12:51:48.647: %LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Tunnel0, changed state to up

*Dec 5 12:51:48.755: %PIM-5-NBRCHG: neighbor 5.5.5.2 UP on interface Serial5/0

R5(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

R5(config-if)#ip igmp join-group 224.15.15.15

R5(config-if)#exit

R1#show ip pim interface

Address Interface Ver/ Nbr Query DR DR

Mode Count Intvl Prior

1.1.1.1 Serial4/0 v2/SD 1 30 1 0.0.0.0

4.4.4.2 Serial4/3 v2/SD 1 30 1 0.0.0.0

R1#show ip pim neighbor

PIM Neighbor Table

Mode: B - Bidir Capable, DR - Designated Router, N - Default DR Priority,

P - Proxy Capable, S - State Refresh Capable, G - GenID Capable

Neighbor Interface Uptime/Expires Ver DR

Address Prio/Mode

1.1.1.2 Serial4/0 01:31:36/00:01:37 v2 1 / S P G

4.4.4.1 Serial4/3 01:30:25/00:01:24 v2 1 / S P G

R2#show ip pim interface

Address Interface Ver/ Nbr Query DR DR

Mode Count Intvl Prior

1.1.1.2 Serial4/0 v2/SD 1 30 1 0.0.0.0

2.2.2.1 Serial4/1 v2/SD 1 30 1 0.0.0.0

R2# show ip pim neighbor

PIM Neighbor Table

Mode: B - Bidir Capable, DR - Designated Router, N - Default DR Priority,

P - Proxy Capable, S - State Refresh Capable, G - GenID Capable

Neighbor Interface Uptime/Expires Ver DR

Address Prio/Mode

1.1.1.1 Serial4/0 01:32:21/00:01:20 v2 1 / S P G

2.2.2.2 Serial4/1 01:31:54/00:01:25 v2 1 / S P G

R3#show ip pim interface

Address Interface Ver/ Nbr Query DR DR

Mode Count Intvl Prior

3.3.3.1 Serial4/2 v2/SD 1 30 1 0.0.0.0

2.2.2.2 Serial4/1 v2/SD 1 30 1 0.0.0.0

R3# show ip pim neighbor

PIM Neighbor Table

Mode: B - Bidir Capable, DR - Designated Router, N - Default DR Priority,

P - Proxy Capable, S - State Refresh Capable, G - GenID Capable

Neighbor Interface Uptime/Expires Ver DR

Address Prio/Mode

3.3.3.2 Serial4/2 01:31:13/00:01:31 v2 1 / S P G

2.2.2.1 Serial4/1 01:31:57/00:01:21 v2 1 / S P G

R4#show ip pim interface

Address Interface Ver/ Nbr Query DR DR

Mode Count Intvl Prior

3.3.3.2 Serial4/2 v2/SD 1 30 1 0.0.0.0

4.4.4.1 Serial4/3 v2/SD 1 30 1 0.0.0.0

5.5.5.2 Serial5/0 v2/SD 1 30 1 0.0.0.0

R4# show ip pim neighbor

PIM Neighbor Table

Mode: B - Bidir Capable, DR - Designated Router, N - Default DR Priority,

P - Proxy Capable, S - State Refresh Capable, G - GenID Capable

Neighbor Interface Uptime/Expires Ver DR

Address Prio/Mode

3.3.3.1 Serial4/2 01:31:15/00:01:30 v2 1 / S P G

4.4.4.2 Serial4/3 01:31:14/00:01:35 v2 1 / S P G

5.5.5.1 Serial5/0 01:30:55/00:01:24 v2 1 / S P G

R5#show ip pim interface

Address Interface Ver/ Nbr Query DR DR

Mode Count Intvl Prior

5.5.5.1 Serial5/0 v2/SD 1 30 1 0.0.0.0

R5# show ip pim neighbor

PIM Neighbor Table

Mode: B - Bidir Capable, DR - Designated Router, N - Default DR Priority,

P - Proxy Capable, S - State Refresh Capable, G - GenID Capable

Neighbor Interface Uptime/Expires Ver DR

Address Prio/Mode

5.5.5.2 Serial5/0 01:30:57/00:01:24 v2 1 / S P G

R5(config)#interface fastEthernet 0/0

R5(config-if)#ip igmp join-group 224.15.15.15

R5(config-if)#exit

R1#ping 224.15.15.15 repeat 999

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 999, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 224.15.15.15, timeout is 2 seconds:

Reply to request 0 from 50.1.1.1, 260 ms

Reply to request 1 from 50.1.1.1, 64 ms

Reply to request 2 from 50.1.1.1, 28 ms

Reply to request 3 from 50.1.1.1, 44 ms

Reply to request 4 from 50.1.1.1, 44 ms

Reply to request 5 from 50.1.1.1, 40 ms

Reply to request 6 from 50.1.1.1, 36 ms

Reply to request 7 from 50.1.1.1, 24 ms

Reply to request 8 from 50.1.1.1, 24 ms

Reply to request 9 from 50.1.1.1, 36 ms

Reply to request 10 from 50.1.1.1, 40 ms

Reply to request 11 from 50.1.1.1, 16 ms

Reply to request 12 from 50.1.1.1, 36 ms

Reply to request 13 from 50.1.1.1, 20 ms

Reply to request 14 from 50.1.1.1, 32 ms

Reply to request 15 from 50.1.1.1, 52 ms

Reply to request 16 from 50.1.1.1, 36 ms

Reply to request 17 from 50.1.1.1, 16 ms

Reply to request 18 from 50.1.1.1, 12 ms

Reply to request 19 from 50.1.1.1, 40 ms

Reply to request 20 from 50.1.1.1, 24 ms

Reply to request 21 from 50.1.1.1, 40 ms

Reply to request 22 from 50.1.1.1, 36 ms

Reply to request 23 from 50.1.1.1, 20 ms

Reply to request 24 from 50.1.1.1, 24 ms

Reply to request 25 from 50.1.1.1, 20 ms

Reply to request 26 from 50.1.1.1, 36 ms

Reply to request 27 from 50.1.1.1, 20 ms

Reply to request 28 from 50.1.1.1, 16 ms

Reply to request 29 from 50.1.1.1, 36 ms

Reply to request 30 from 50.1.1.1, 36 ms

Reply to request 31 from 50.1.1.1, 32 ms

R1#ping 224.5.5.5

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 224.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds:

Reply to request 0 from 50.1.1.1, 172 ms

Reply to request 0 from 50.1.1.1, 232 ms

R1#ping 224.15.15.15

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 224.15.15.15, timeout is 2 seconds:

Reply to request 0 from 50.1.1.1, 172 ms

R2#ping 224.5.5.5

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 224.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds:

Reply to request 0 from 50.1.1.1, 116 ms

Reply to request 0 from 50.1.1.1, 180 ms

R2#ping 224.15.15.15

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 224.15.15.15, timeout is 2 seconds:

Reply to request 0 from 50.1.1.1, 112 ms

Reply to request 0 from 50.1.1.1, 136 ms

R3#ping 224.5.5.5

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 224.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds:

Reply to request 0 from 50.1.1.1, 172 ms

Reply to request 0 from 50.1.1.1, 184 ms

Reply to request 0 from 50.1.1.1, 172 ms

R3#ping 224.15.15.15

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 224.15.15.15, timeout is 2 seconds:

Reply to request 0 from 50.1.1.1, 108 ms

R4#ping 224.5.5.5

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 224.5.5.5, timeout is 2 seconds:

Reply to request 0 from 50.1.1.1, 56 ms

Reply to request 0 from 50.1.1.1, 232 ms

Reply to request 0 from 50.1.1.1, 212 ms

R4#ping 224.15.15.15

Type escape sequence to abort.

Sending 1, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 224.15.15.15, timeout is 2 seconds:

Reply to request 0 from 50.1.1.1, 60 ms

R1#show ip mroute 224.5.5.5

IP Multicast Routing Table

Flags: D - Dense, S - Sparse, B - Bidir Group, s - SSM Group, C - Connected,

L - Local, P - Pruned, R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag,

T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT, M - MSDP created entry, E - Extranet,

X - Proxy Join Timer Running, A - Candidate for MSDP Advertisement,

U - URD, I - Received Source Specific Host Report,

Z - Multicast Tunnel, z - MDT-data group sender,

Y - Joined MDT-data group, y - Sending to MDT-data group,

G - Received BGP C-Mroute, g - Sent BGP C-Mroute,

Q - Received BGP S-A Route, q - Sent BGP S-A Route,

V - RD & Vector, v - Vector

Outgoing interface flags: H - Hardware switched, A - Assert winner

Timers: Uptime/Expires

Interface state: Interface, Next-Hop or VCD, State/Mode

(*, 224.5.5.5), 00:25:37/stopped, RP 192.168.30.1, flags: SPF

Incoming interface: Serial4/3, RPF nbr 4.4.4.1

Outgoing interface list: Null

(4.4.4.1, 224.5.5.5), 00:02:14/00:00:45, flags: PFT

Incoming interface: Serial4/3, RPF nbr 4.4.4.1, Registering

Outgoing interface list: Null

R1#show ip mroute 224.15.15.15

IP Multicast Routing Table

Flags: D - Dense, S - Sparse, B - Bidir Group, s - SSM Group, C - Connected,

L - Local, P - Pruned, R - RP-bit set, F - Register flag,

T - SPT-bit set, J - Join SPT, M - MSDP created entry, E - Extranet,

X - Proxy Join Timer Running, A - Candidate for MSDP Advertisement,

U - URD, I - Received Source Specific Host Report,

Z - Multicast Tunnel, z - MDT-data group sender,

Y - Joined MDT-data group, y - Sending to MDT-data group,

G - Received BGP C-Mroute, g - Sent BGP C-Mroute,

Q - Received BGP S-A Route, q - Sent BGP S-A Route,

V - RD & Vector, v - Vector

Outgoing interface flags: H - Hardware switched, A - Assert winner

Timers: Uptime/Expires

Interface state: Interface, Next-Hop or VCD, State/Mode

(*, 224.15.15.15), 00:06:28/stopped, RP 0.0.0.0, flags: D

Incoming interface: Null, RPF nbr 0.0.0.0

Outgoing interface list:

Serial4/3, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 00:06:28/stopped

Serial4/0, Forward/Sparse-Dense, 00:06:28/stopped

(3.3.3.2, 224.15.15.15), 00:02:22/00:00:37, flags: PT

Incoming interface: Serial4/3, RPF nbr 4.4.4.1

Outgoing interface list:

Serial4/0, Prune/Sparse-Dense, 00:02:22/00:00:37, A

(4.4.4.1, 224.15.15.15), 00:02:22/00:00:37, flags: PT

Incoming interface: Serial4/3, RPF nbr 4.4.4.1

Outgoing interface list:

Serial4/0, Prune/Sparse-Dense, 00:02:22/00:00:37

Internetworks

Pages

Wednesday 25 August 2021

How to configure OSPF Stub NSSA and Totally NSSA?

we already discuss what is OSPF Stub? Why do we need Stub? please visit the previous lecture before this.

let see the configuration for a better understanding:-
Topology

{ ROUTER 3 IS OUR ABR }

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Saturday 29 May 2021

What is BGP RR Cluster ? How to configure Cluster RR server?

Route Reflector Cluster

Route reflector

Route reflector clusters

Saturday 5 December 2020

What is PIM Spare-Dense Mode ? How to configure Multicasting PIM Spare-Dense Mode?

PIM Spare-Dense Mode

PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast) is a family of multicast routing protocols. The word independent comes from the fact that PIM does not build a topology of its own, it uses the information from IGP routing protocols to achieve this.

There are a number of different PIM flavors:

PIM supports three different modes:

PIM Dense mode:- Dense mode forward multicast traffic on all interfaces until a downstream router requests us to stop forwarding.

Pim dense mode Uses implicit join get traffic even if not asked Also called as flood and prune.

PIM Sparse mode:- (PIM-SM) PIM Sparse Mode explicitly builds unidirectional shared trees rooted at an (RP) rendezvous point per group, and optionally creates shortest-path trees per source. (PIM-SM) PIM Sparse Mode generally scales fairly well for wide-area usage.

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What is Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)? How to configure Virtual Router Redundancy Protocol (VRRP)?

Pages

Wednesday 25 August 2021

we already discuss what is OSPF Stub? Why do we need Stub? please visit the previous lecture before this.

let see the configuration for a better understanding:-Topology

{ ROUTER 3 IS OUR ABR }

Saturday 29 May 2021

Route Reflector Cluster

Route reflector

Route reflector clusters

Saturday 5 December 2020

PIM Spare-Dense Mode

PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast) is a family of multicast routing protocols. The word independent comes from the fact that PIM does not build a topology of its own, it uses the information from IGP routing protocols to achieve this. (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({});

There are a number of different PIM flavors:

PIM supports three different modes:

PIM Dense mode:- Dense mode (adsbygoogle = window.adsbygoogle || []).push({}); forward multicast traffic on all interfaces until a downstream router requests us to stop forwarding.

Pim dense mode Uses implicit join get traffic even if not asked Also called as flood and prune.

PIM Sparse mode:- (PIM-SM) PIM Sparse Mode explicitly builds unidirectional shared trees rooted at an (RP) rendezvous point per group, and optionally creates shortest-path trees per source. (PIM-SM) PIM Sparse Mode generally scales fairly well for wide-area usage.

let see the configuration for a better understanding:-
Topology

PIM (Protocol Independent Multicast) is a family of multicast routing protocols. The word independent comes from the fact that PIM does not build a topology of its own, it uses the information from IGP routing protocols to achieve this.

PIM Dense mode:- Dense mode forward multicast traffic on all interfaces until a downstream router requests us to stop forwarding.