Route reflectors (RR) are one method to eliminate the full mesh of IBGP peers in your network. The route reflector allows
all IBGP speakers within your autonomous system to learn about the available
routes without creating loops.
There are three types of peering in route reflectors:
- EBGP neighbor
- IBGP client neighbor
- IBGP non-client neighbor
When configuring a route reflector (RR), we must tell
the router whether the other IBGP router is a client or non-client. An IBGP client is an IBGP router that the route
reflector will “reflect” routes to, the non-client is just a regular IBGP
neighbor.
When a route reflector forwards a route update, there are a
few rules that must be followed:
- A route learned from an EBGP neighbor can be forwarded to another EBGP neighbor, a client, and a non-client.
- A route learned from a client can be forwarded to another EBGP neighbor, client or non-client.
- A route learned from a non-client can be forwarded to another EBGP neighbor and client, but not to a non-client.
In other words: Route Reflector-RR to advertise route
received from an iBGP peers
to other iBGP peers. All the valid clients update server Route Reflector-RR and
server update to all the valid clients.
Each client only establishes a neighbor relationship with
servers, clients are not allowed to establish neighbors with other clients. Route
Reflector (servers) establish neighbor relationships with other servers (if you
have more the one server) and clients.
I hope now you have an idea of what is route reflector, so let's see the configuration:
Here is the lists of all BGP labs and theories CCNA to CCIE
1.Introduction of BGP
2.BGP Neighbors
3.BGP Peer Group
4.BGP Attributes
5.BGP Weight Attribute
6.BGP Local Preference (Local_Pref)
7.BGP Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
8.BGP AS Path Prepending
9.BGP Route Reflectors (RR)
10.BGP Communities_No-advertise configuration
11.BGP community Local-AS
12.BGP Confederations and configuration
13.BGP Route filtering methods
Before we start BGP configuration check out some important of BGP CCIE exam topics.
1.Introduction of BGP
2.BGP Neighbors
3.BGP Peer Group
4.BGP Attributes
5.BGP Weight Attribute
6.BGP Local Preference (Local_Pref)
7.BGP Multi Exit Discriminator (MED)
8.BGP AS Path Prepending
9.BGP Route Reflectors (RR)
10.BGP Communities_No-advertise configuration
11.BGP community Local-AS
12.BGP Confederations and configuration
13.BGP Route filtering methods
Route-Reflector Configuration:-
Topology:
Goal:
- configure the topology as per our diagram.
- configure EIGRP 65100 to provide connectivity between peers
- advertise all the directly connected interfaces, and configure BGP AS 65100 as per our diagram using loopbacks.
- configure router 5 as a Route-Reflector server and the rest of the routers will play the client role.
R1#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 10.1.1.1 YES manual up up
Serial3/0 1.1.1.1 YES manual up up
Serial3/3 4.1.1.2 YES manual up up
Serial3/6 15.1.1.1 YES manual up up
Loopback0 11.0.0.1 YES manual up up
Loopback1 11.0.1.1 YES manual up up
Loopback2 11.0.2.1 YES manual up up
Loopback3 11.0.3.1 YES manual up up
R2#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 20.1.1.1 YES manual up up
Serial3/0 1.1.1.2 YES manual up up
Serial3/1 2.1.1.1 YES manual up up
Serial3/4 25.1.1.1 YES manual up up
Loopback0 12.0.0.1 YES manual up up
Loopback1 12.0.1.1 YES manual up up
Loopback2 12.0.2.1 YES manual up up
Loopback3 12.0.3.1 YES manual up up
R3#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 30.1.1.1 YES manual up up
Serial3/1 2.1.1.2 YES manual up up
Serial3/2 3.1.1.1 YES manual up up
Serial3/5 35.1.1.1 YES manual up up
Loopback0 13.0.0.1 YES manual up up
Loopback1 13.0.1.1 YES manual up up
Loopback2 13.0.2.1 YES manual up up
Loopback3 13.0.3.1 YES manual up up
R4#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 40.1.1.1 YES manual up up
Serial3/2 3.1.1.2 YES manual up up
Serial3/3 4.1.1.1 YES manual up up
Serial3/7 45.1.1.1 YES manual up up
Loopback0 14.0.0.1 YES manual up up
Loopback1 14.0.1.1 YES manual up up
Loopback2 14.0.2.1 YES manual up up
Loopback3 14.0.3.1 YES manual up up
R5#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
FastEthernet0/0 50.1.1.1 YES manual up up
Serial3/4 25.1.1.2 YES manual up up
Serial3/5 35.1.1.2 YES manual up up
Serial3/6 15.1.1.2 YES manual up up
Serial3/7 45.1.1.2 YES manual up up
Loopback0 150.0.0.1 YES manual up up
Loopback1 150.0.1.1 YES manual up up
Loopback2 150.0.2.1 YES manual up up
Loopback3 150.0.3.1 YES manual up up
R1(config)#router eigrp 65100
R1(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0
R1(config-router)#network 4.0.0.0
R1(config-router)#network 15.0.0.0
R1(config-router)#network 11.0.0.0
R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
R1(config-router)#no auto-summary
R1(config-router)#exit
R2(config)#router eigrp 65100
R2(config-router)#network 1.0.0.0
R2(config-router)#network 2.0.0.0
R2(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0
R2(config-router)#network 12.0.0.0
R2(config-router)#network 25.0.0.0
R2(config-router)#no auto-summary
R2(config-router)#exit
R3(config)#router eigrp 65100
R3(config-router)#network 2.0.0.0
R3(config-router)#network 3.0.0.0
R3(config-router)#network 13.0.0.0
R3(config-router)#network 30.0.0.0
R3(config-router)#no auto-summary
R3(config-router)#exit
R4(config)#router eigrp 65100
R4(config-router)#network 3.0.0.0
R4(config-router)#network 4.0.0.0
R4(config-router)#network 14.0.0.0
R4(config-router)#network 40.0.0.0
R4(config-router)#network 45.0.0.0
R4(config-router)#no auto-summary
R4(config-router)#exit
R5(config)#router eigrp 65100
R5(config-router)#network 150.0.0.0
R5(config-router)#network 50.0.0.0
R5(config-router)#network 15.0.0.0
R5(config-router)#network 25.0.0.0
R5(config-router)#network 35.0.0.0
R5(config-router)#network 45.0.0.0
R5(config-router)#no auto-summary
R5(config-router)#exit
R1(config)#router bgp 65100
R1(config-router)#neighbor 12.0.0.1 remote-as 65100
R1(config-router)#neighbor 12.0.0.1 update-source loopback 0
R1(config-router)#neighbor 14.0.0.1 remote-as 65100
R1(config-router)#neighbor 14.0.0.1 update-source loopback 0
R1(config-router)#neighbor 150.0.0.1 remote-as 65100
R1(config-router)#neighbor 150.0.0.1 update-source loopback 0
R1(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
R1(config-router)#no synchronization
R1(config-router)#no auto-summary
R1(config-router)#exit
R2(config)#router bgp 65100
R2(config-router)#neighbor 11.0.0.1 remote-as 65100
R2(config-router)#neighbor 11.0.0.1 update-source loopback 0
R2(config-router)#neighbor 13.0.0.1 remote-as 65100
R2(config-router)#neighbor 13.0.0.1 update-source loopback 0
R2(config-router)# neighbor 150.0.0.1 remote-as 65100
R2(config-router)# neighbor 150.0.0.1 update-source loopback 0
R2(config-router)#network 20.0.0.0
R2(config-router)#no auto-summary
R2(config-router)#no synchronization
R2(config-router)#exit
R3(config)#router bgp 65100
R3(config-router)#neighbor 12.0.0.1 remote-as 65100
R3(config-router)#neighbor 12.0.0.1 update-source loopback 0
R3(config-router)#neighbor 14.0.0.1 remote-as 65100
R3(config-router)#neighbor 14.0.0.1 update-source loopback 0
R3(config-router)#neighbor 150.0.0.1 remote-as 65100
R3(config-router)#neighbor 150.0.0.1 update-source loopback 0
R3(config-router)#network 30.0.0.0
R3(config-router)#no auto-summary
R3(config-router)#no synchronization
R3(config-router)#exit
R4(config)#router bgp 65100
R4(config-router)#neighbor 13.0.0.1 remote-as 65100
R4(config-router)#neighbor 13.0.0.1 update-source loopback 0
R4(config-router)#neighbor 11.0.0.1 remote-as 65100
R4(config-router)#neighbor 11.0.0.1 update-source loopback 0
R4(config-router)# neighbor 150.0.0.1 remote-as 65100
R4(config-router)# neighbor 150.0.0.1 update-source loopback 0
R4(config-router)#network 40.0.0.0
R4(config-router)#no auto-summary
R4(config-router)#no synchronization
R4(config-router)#exit
R5(config)#router bgp 65100
R5(config-router)#neighbor 11.0.0.1 remote-as 65100
R5(config-router)#neighbor 11.0.0.1 update-source loopback 0
R5(config-router)#neighbor 12.0.0.1 remote-as 65100
R5(config-router)#neighbor 12.0.0.1 update-source loopback 0
R5(config-router)#neighbor 13.0.0.1 remote-as 65100
R5(config-router)#neighbor 13.0.0.1 update-source loopback 0
R5(config-router)#neighbor 14.0.0.1 remote-as 65100
R5(config-router)#neighbor 14.0.0.1 update-source loopback 0
R5(config)#router bgp 65100
R5(config-router)#neighbor 11.0.0.1 route-reflector-client
*Dec 7 14:07:56.415: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 11.0.0.1 Down RR client config change
*Dec 7 14:07:56.419: %BGP_SESSION-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 11.0.0.1 IPv4 Unicast topology base removed from session RR client config change
*Dec 7 14:07:57.291: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 11.0.0.1 Up
R5(config-router)#neighbor 12.0.0.1 route-reflector-client
*Dec 7 14:08:04.183: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 12.0.0.1 Down RR client config change
*Dec 7 14:08:04.187: %BGP_SESSION-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 12.0.0.1 IPv4 Unicast topology base removed from session RR client config change
*Dec 7 14:08:04.407: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 12.0.0.1 Up
R5(config-router)#neighbor 13.0.0.1 route-reflector-client
*Dec 7 14:08:15.187: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 13.0.0.1 Down RR client config change
*Dec 7 14:08:15.187: %BGP_SESSION-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 13.0.0.1 IPv4 Unicast topology base removed from session RR client config change
*Dec 7 14:08:15.683: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 13.0.0.1 Up
R5(config-router)#neighbor 14.0.0.1 route-reflector-client
*Dec 7 14:08:33.659: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 14.0.0.1 Down RR client config change
*Dec 7 14:08:33.663: %BGP_SESSION-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 14.0.0.1 IPv4 Unicast topology base removed from session RR client config change
*Dec 7 14:08:33.983: %BGP-5-ADJCHANGE: neighbor 14.0.0.1 Up
R5(config-router)#end
R5#show ip bgp 10.1.1.1
BGP routing table entry for 10.0.0.0/8, version 7
Paths: (1 available, best #1, table default, RIB-failure(17))
Advertised to update-groups:
2
Refresh Epoch 2
Local, (Received from a RR-client)
11.0.0.1 (metric 2297856) from 11.0.0.1 (11.0.3.1)
Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best
rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0x0
R5#show ip bgp 20.1.1.1
BGP routing table entry for 20.0.0.0/8, version 9
Paths: (1 available, best #1, table default, RIB-failure(17))
Advertised to update-groups:
2
Refresh Epoch 2
Local, (Received from a RR-client)
12.0.0.1 (metric 2297856) from 12.0.0.1 (12.0.3.1)
Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best
rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0x0
R5#show ip bgp 30.1.1.1
BGP routing table entry for 30.0.0.0/8, version 11
Paths: (1 available, best #1, table default, RIB-failure(17))
Advertised to update-groups:
2
Refresh Epoch 2
Local, (Received from a RR-client)
13.0.0.1 (metric 2809856) from 13.0.0.1 (13.0.3.1)
Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best
rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0x0
R5#show ip bgp 40.1.1.1
BGP routing table entry for 40.0.0.0/8, version 13
Paths: (1 available, best #1, table default, RIB-failure(17))
Advertised to update-groups:
2
Refresh Epoch 2
Local, (Received from a RR-client)
14.0.0.1 (metric 2297856) from 14.0.0.1 (14.0.3.1)
Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best
rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0x0
R1#show ip bgp 20.1.1.1
BGP routing table entry for 20.0.0.0/8, version 3
Paths: (2 available, best #2, table default, RIB-failure(17))
Not advertised to any peer
Refresh Epoch 1
Local
12.0.0.1 (metric 2297856) from 150.0.0.1 (150.0.3.1)
Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal
Originator: 12.0.3.1, Cluster list: 150.0.3.1
rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0
Refresh Epoch 1
Local
12.0.0.1 (metric 2297856) from 12.0.0.1 (12.0.3.1)
Origin IGP, metric 0, localpref 100, valid, internal, best
rx pathid: 0, tx pathid: 0x0
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