Routing Information Protocol (RIP)
Routing information protocol (RIP) is a true
distance-vector routing protocol. RIP sends the complete routing table out of
all active interfaces every 30 seconds. It relies on hop count to determine the
best route to a remote network, but it has a maximum 15 by default, so a destination
of 16 would be considered unreachable. RIP works well in very small networks,
but it’s not good at large networks with WAN links or on networks with a large
numbers of routers installed and
completely useless on networks have links with
variable bandwidth.
RIP version 1 uses only classful
routing, its means all devices in the
network must use the same subnet mask, this is because RIP version 1 doesn’t send
updates with subnet mask information in tow.
RIP version 2 provides something called prefix routing and
does send subnet mask information with its route update. This is called
classless routing.
In short
Routing Information Protocol version 1
·
Open standard protocol
·
Classful routing protocol
·
Updates are broadcast via 255.255.255.255
·
Administrative distance is 120
·
Metric: Hop counts, maximum Hop counts: 15
·
Load balancing of 4 equal paths
·
Used for small organizations
·
Periodic updates and exchange entire routing
table for every 30 seconds
Routing Information Protocol version 2
·
Classless routing protocol
·
Support VLSM
·
Supports authentication
Advantage of RIP
·
Easy to configure
·
No design constraints like OSPF protocol
·
No complexity
·
Less overhead
Disadvantage of RIP
·
Bandwidth utilization is very high as broadcast
foe every 30 seconds
·
Works only on hop count
·
Not scalable as hop count is only 15
·
Slow convergence
Configuring RIPv2
Topology
GOAL:
- design the topology and assign ip addresses as per our diagram.
- make sure that the interface should be in UP state.
- configuring dynamic RIPv2.
- verify routing table and reachability LAN between LUKE, MARK, and JOHN. by doing ping and traceroute.
LUKE#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
Serial3/0 10.1.1.1 YES manual up up
Loopback0 192.168.100.50 YES manual up up
MARK#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
Serial3/0 10.1.1.2 YES manual up up
Serial3/1 11.1.1.2 YES manual up up
Loopback0 192.168.150.75 YES manual up up
JOHN#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
Serial3/1 11.1.1.1 YES manual up up
Loopback0 192.168.200.100 YES manual up up
LUKE(config)#router rip
LUKE(config-router)#version 2
LUKE(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
LUKE(config-router)#network 192.168.100.0
MARK(config)#router rip
MARK(config-router)#version 2
MARK(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
MARK(config-router)#network 192.168.150.0
MARK(config-router)#network 11.0.0.0
JOHN(config)#router rip
JOHN(config-router)#version 2
JOHN(config-router)#network 192.168.200.0
JOHN(config-router)#network 11.0.0.0
LUKE#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
+ - replicated route, % - next hop override
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial3/0
L 10.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Serial3/0
R 11.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:09, Serial3/0
192.168.100.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.100.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
L 192.168.100.50/32 is directly connected, Loopback0
R 192.168.150.0/24 [120/1] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:09, Serial3/0
R 192.168.200.0/24 [120/2] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:09, Serial3/0
MARK#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
+ - replicated route, % - next hop override
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial3/0
L 10.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, Serial3/0
11.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial3/1
L 11.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, Serial3/1
R 192.168.100.0/24 [120/1] via 10.1.1.1, 00:00:19, Serial3/0
192.168.150.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.150.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
L 192.168.150.75/32 is directly connected, Loopback0
R 192.168.200.0/24 [120/1] via 11.1.1.1, 00:00:25, Serial3/1
JOHN#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
+ - replicated route, % - next hop override
Gateway of last resort is not set
R 10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 11.1.1.2, 00:00:05, Serial3/1
11.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial3/1
L 11.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Serial3/1
R 192.168.100.0/24 [120/2] via 11.1.1.2, 00:00:05, Serial3/1
R 192.168.150.0/24 [120/1] via 11.1.1.2, 00:00:05, Serial3/1
192.168.200.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.200.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
L 192.168.200.100/32 is directly connected, Loopback0
LUKE#ping 192.168.200.100
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.200.100, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 36/42/48 ms
LUKE#ping 192.168.150.75
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.150.75, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/18/20 ms
LUKE#ping 11.1.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 11.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/42/44 ms
MARK#ping 192.168.100.50
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.100.50, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/16/24 ms
MARK#ping 192.168.200.100
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.200.100, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/14/20 ms
JOHN#ping 192.168.100.50
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.100.50, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/44/48 ms
JOHN#ping 192.168.150.75
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.150.75, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/22/28 ms
JOHN#ping 10.1.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/30/40 ms
LUKE#traceroute 192.168.200.100
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.168.200.100
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
1 10.1.1.2 28 msec 24 msec 32 msec
2 11.1.1.1 36 msec 64 msec 48 msec
LUKE#traceroute 192.168.150.75
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.168.150.75
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
1 10.1.1.2 16 msec 20 msec 28 msec
LUKE#traceroute 11.1.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 11.1.1.1
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
1 10.1.1.2 20 msec 16 msec 8 msec
2 11.1.1.1 32 msec 36 msec 32 msec
MARK#traceroute 192.168.100.50
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.168.100.50
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
1 10.1.1.1 24 msec 12 msec 28 msec
MARK#traceroute 192.168.200.100
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.168.200.100
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
1 11.1.1.1 24 msec 44 msec 20 msec
JOHN#traceroute 192.168.100.50
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.168.100.50
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
1 11.1.1.2 12 msec 12 msec 12 msec
2 10.1.1.1 48 msec 32 msec 40 msec
JOHN#traceroute 192.168.150.75
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.168.150.75
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
1 11.1.1.2 16 msec 20 msec 8 msec
JOHN#traceroute 10.1.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 10.1.1.1
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
1 11.1.1.2 20 msec 20 msec 20 msec
2 10.1.1.1 28 msec 32 msec 28 msec
LUKE#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
Serial3/0 10.1.1.1 YES manual up up
Loopback0 192.168.100.50 YES manual up up
MARK#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
Serial3/0 10.1.1.2 YES manual up up
Serial3/1 11.1.1.2 YES manual up up
Loopback0 192.168.150.75 YES manual up up
JOHN#show ip interface brief
Interface IP-Address OK? Method Status Protocol
Serial3/1 11.1.1.1 YES manual up up
Loopback0 192.168.200.100 YES manual up up
LUKE(config)#router rip
LUKE(config-router)#version 2
LUKE(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
LUKE(config-router)#network 192.168.100.0
MARK(config)#router rip
MARK(config-router)#version 2
MARK(config-router)#network 10.0.0.0
MARK(config-router)#network 192.168.150.0
MARK(config-router)#network 11.0.0.0
JOHN(config)#router rip
JOHN(config-router)#version 2
JOHN(config-router)#network 192.168.200.0
JOHN(config-router)#network 11.0.0.0
LUKE#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
+ - replicated route, % - next hop override
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial3/0
L 10.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Serial3/0
R 11.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:09, Serial3/0
192.168.100.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.100.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
L 192.168.100.50/32 is directly connected, Loopback0
R 192.168.150.0/24 [120/1] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:09, Serial3/0
R 192.168.200.0/24 [120/2] via 10.1.1.2, 00:00:09, Serial3/0
MARK#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
+ - replicated route, % - next hop override
Gateway of last resort is not set
10.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 10.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial3/0
L 10.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, Serial3/0
11.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial3/1
L 11.1.1.2/32 is directly connected, Serial3/1
R 192.168.100.0/24 [120/1] via 10.1.1.1, 00:00:19, Serial3/0
192.168.150.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.150.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
L 192.168.150.75/32 is directly connected, Loopback0
R 192.168.200.0/24 [120/1] via 11.1.1.1, 00:00:25, Serial3/1
JOHN#show ip route
Codes: L - local, C - connected, S - static, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2
i - IS-IS, su - IS-IS summary, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2
ia - IS-IS inter area, * - candidate default, U - per-user static route
o - ODR, P - periodic downloaded static route, H - NHRP, l - LISP
+ - replicated route, % - next hop override
Gateway of last resort is not set
R 10.0.0.0/8 [120/1] via 11.1.1.2, 00:00:05, Serial3/1
11.0.0.0/8 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 11.0.0.0/8 is directly connected, Serial3/1
L 11.1.1.1/32 is directly connected, Serial3/1
R 192.168.100.0/24 [120/2] via 11.1.1.2, 00:00:05, Serial3/1
R 192.168.150.0/24 [120/1] via 11.1.1.2, 00:00:05, Serial3/1
192.168.200.0/24 is variably subnetted, 2 subnets, 2 masks
C 192.168.200.0/24 is directly connected, Loopback0
L 192.168.200.100/32 is directly connected, Loopback0
LUKE#ping 192.168.200.100
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.200.100, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 36/42/48 ms
LUKE#ping 192.168.150.75
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.150.75, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 16/18/20 ms
LUKE#ping 11.1.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 11.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/42/44 ms
MARK#ping 192.168.100.50
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.100.50, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/16/24 ms
MARK#ping 192.168.200.100
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.200.100, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 8/14/20 ms
JOHN#ping 192.168.100.50
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.100.50, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 40/44/48 ms
JOHN#ping 192.168.150.75
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 192.168.150.75, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/22/28 ms
JOHN#ping 10.1.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Sending 5, 100-byte ICMP Echos to 10.1.1.1, timeout is 2 seconds:
!!!!!
Success rate is 100 percent (5/5), round-trip min/avg/max = 20/30/40 ms
LUKE#traceroute 192.168.200.100
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.168.200.100
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
1 10.1.1.2 28 msec 24 msec 32 msec
2 11.1.1.1 36 msec 64 msec 48 msec
LUKE#traceroute 192.168.150.75
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.168.150.75
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
1 10.1.1.2 16 msec 20 msec 28 msec
LUKE#traceroute 11.1.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 11.1.1.1
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
1 10.1.1.2 20 msec 16 msec 8 msec
2 11.1.1.1 32 msec 36 msec 32 msec
MARK#traceroute 192.168.100.50
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.168.100.50
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
1 10.1.1.1 24 msec 12 msec 28 msec
MARK#traceroute 192.168.200.100
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.168.200.100
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
1 11.1.1.1 24 msec 44 msec 20 msec
JOHN#traceroute 192.168.100.50
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.168.100.50
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
1 11.1.1.2 12 msec 12 msec 12 msec
2 10.1.1.1 48 msec 32 msec 40 msec
JOHN#traceroute 192.168.150.75
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 192.168.150.75
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
1 11.1.1.2 16 msec 20 msec 8 msec
JOHN#traceroute 10.1.1.1
Type escape sequence to abort.
Tracing the route to 10.1.1.1
VRF info: (vrf in name/id, vrf out name/id)
1 11.1.1.2 20 msec 20 msec 20 msec
2 10.1.1.1 28 msec 32 msec 28 msec
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