Network address translation
NAT is the method of translation of private IP address into
public IP address. In order to communicate with internet we must have
registered public IP address.
Address translation was originally developed to solve two problems:
- To handle a shortage of IPv4 addresses
- Hide network addressing schemes.
Private address range
There are certain addresses in each class of IP address that
are reserved for private networks. These addresses are called private
addresses.
Class A 10.0.0.0 TO 10.255.255.255
Class B
172.16.0.0 TO
172.31.255.255
Class C
192.168.0.0 TO
192.168.255.255
Types of NAT :-
Static NAT
Dynamic NAT
Port address Translation (PAT)
Static NAT- one to one mapping done manually for every private IP need on registered IP address (one to
one)
Dynamic NAT- one to one mapping done automatically For every private IP needs one registered IP address (one to
one)
Port address translation ( Dynamic NAT Overload )- Allows thousands of users connect to the internet using only
one real global IP address. Maps many to one by suing different ports. PAT is the real reasons we are haven’t run out of valid IP
address on the internet.
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