Switching uses the hardware address of devices on a LAN to segment the network. Switching breaks up large collision domains into smaller domains and a collision domain is a network segment with two or more devices sharing the same bandwidth. each port on a switch is its collision domain. Layer 2 switching increases the bandwidth because each port of the switch is its self-collision domain.
Switch services bridges use software to create and manage a Content Addressable Memory (CAM) table. new switches use Application-Specific Integrated Circuits (ASICs) to build and maintain their MAC filter table.
Advantages of using Layer 2 switchings:
- Hardware-based bridging
- Wire-speed
- Low latency
- Low cost
Layer 2 switching increases the bandwidth because each switch port is its own self-collision domain.
Layer 2 Switch Functions:
Address learning layer 2 switches remember the source hardware address of each frame received on an on-interface and enter this information into a MAC database called a forward/filter table.
Forward/filter decisions when a frame is received on an interface, the switch looks at the destination hardware address, and then chooses the appropriate exit interface for it in the MAC database. This way, the frame is only forwarded out of the correct destination port.
Loop avoidance if multiple connections between switches are created for redundancy purposes, network loops can occur, and spanning tree protocol (STP) is used to prevent network.
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